AI tools for clinical practice
Evidence reviews of 99 AI tools physicians meet in practice, in 16 categories, each graded on what published studies show.
Ambient scribes and inbox drafts8 toolsAmbient scribes listen to the visit and draft the note.
Clinical questions and evidence search10 toolsThese tools answer clinicians' medical questions in conversational form.
Patient-facing chatbots and agents6 toolsThese tools talk with patients directly: symptom checkers suggest possible conditions and how urgently to seek care, intake chatbots take a history before a visit, and voice agents call patients for health systems.
Mental health chatbots4 toolsThese tools hold text conversations with patients or the public, deliver cognitive behavioral therapy exercises, or take self-referrals for therapy services.
Imaging: stroke and emergencies7 toolsThese tools read emergency CT scans for suspected large vessel occlusion stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, pulmonary embolism and other urgent findings and alert radiologists and treating teams.
Imaging: fractures and bone4 toolsThese tools read radiographs for fractures, dislocations and joint effusions, or read CT scans done for other reasons for vertebral compression fractures, and mark findings for the reading clinician.
Imaging: cancer and tuberculosis screening11 toolsThese tools read screening mammograms or chest X-rays, score each exam and mark suspicious areas.
Imaging: reports and image quality4 toolsDeep learning tools that clean up MRI images were cleared through 510(k): SubtleMR as radiological image processing software and AIR Recon DL as a reconstruction feature of GE's MRI systems, on image quality tests and reader studies of image appearance.
Cardiology11 toolsThe tools in this category analyze tests already used in cardiac care: a 12-lead ECG or a stethoscope recording screened for low ejection fraction, heart sounds checked for murmurs, and coronary CT angiograms analyzed for plaque and for narrowings that limit blood flow.
Sepsis, deterioration and hypotension alerts8 toolsSepsis and deterioration alerts use data in the electronic health record to flag hospital patients at rising risk for clinician review.
Neurology, development and sleep4 toolsThese tools analyze EEG, sleep study signals or developmental assessments: limited-montage EEG with automated seizure burden estimates, seizure detection software for conventional EEG, automated scoring of sleep studies and an aid for diagnosing autism in young children.
Point-of-care screening6 toolsLumineticsCore and EyeArt autonomously check retinal images for diabetic retinopathy, and DermaSensor gives primary care physicians a result on a skin lesion to inform referral.
Endoscopy and pathology8 toolsComputer-aided detection (CADe) systems such as GI Genius and EndoScreener flag possible polyps on the colonoscopy video in real time for the endoscopist to confirm.
Oncology and radiation therapy4 toolsAuto-contouring software for radiotherapy is cleared by 510(k) as image processing software that produces draft contours for a professional to review and approve, as in the clearance for MVision's Contour+.
Diabetes and chronic disease3 toolsThese tools analyze glucose, insulin and laboratory data to recommend insulin doses, coach patients between visits or estimate the risk of complications.
Prior authorization, coding and payer AI1 toolInsurers use algorithms to speed prior authorization and utilization review.
Ambient scribes and inbox drafts8
- Grade AAbridge Abridge AI
Ambient AI scribe that listens to clinician-patient visits and drafts a structured note for the clinician to review.
- Grade BAmbience Ambience Healthcare
Ambient AI scribe that drafts encounter notes in the electronic health record from recorded clinician-patient conversations for clinician review.
- Grade DCommure Ambient Commure
Ambient AI documentation tool that records clinician-patient encounters and drafts clinical notes for clinicians to review and sign.
- Grade BEpic In Basket draft replies Epic Systems
Generative AI in Epic's In Basket that drafts replies to patient portal messages for clinicians to edit.
- Grade BHeidi Health
Ambient AI scribe from an Australian company that drafts notes, discharge summaries and letters from recorded consultations for clinician review.
- Grade BMicrosoft Dragon Copilot Microsoft
Microsoft's ambient AI scribe and dictation assistant, which drafts notes from recorded clinician-patient conversations.
- Grade ANabla
Ambient AI assistant that captures the clinician-patient conversation and generates a structured clinical note.
- Grade DSuki Assistant Suki AI
AI assistant and ambient scribe that drafts structured clinical notes from recorded encounters inside the electronic health record.
Clinical questions and evidence search10
- Grade CAMBOSS AI AMBOSS
AI question-answering features of AMBOSS, the clinician-curated medical knowledge platform and question bank used by medical students and physicians.
- Grade CChatGPT OpenAI Caution
OpenAI's general-purpose chatbot, used by clinicians for clinical questions, with versions for individual clinicians and health systems.
- Grade CClaude Anthropic Caution
Anthropic's general-purpose AI chatbot and the Claude family of large language models behind it, tested on clinical questions.
- Grade CClinicalKey AI Elsevier
Elsevier's clinical reference tool that answers clinicians' questions with generated summaries citing a curated set of medical content.
- Grade CDoximity GPT Doximity
Writing and question-answering chatbot for clinicians on the Doximity professional network, described in 2025 as using OpenAI's GPT-4.
- Grade CDyna AI EBSCO Information Services
EBSCO's generative AI chatbot that answers clinicians' questions, from the company that publishes the DynaMed clinical reference.
- Grade CGlass Health
AI clinical decision support tool that generates differential diagnoses and answers clinical questions from a clinician's case description.
- Grade CGoogle Gemini Google Caution
Google's general-purpose AI chatbot and the Gemini family of large language models behind it, tested on clinical questions and cases.
- Grade COpenEvidence
AI search tool that answers clinicians' questions with a summary of the medical literature and citations.
- Grade CUpToDate Expert AI Wolters Kluwer Health
Generative AI chat feature in UpToDate that answers clinical questions from UpToDate's expert-authored, peer-reviewed content.
Patient-facing chatbots and agents6
- Grade CAda Ada Health Caution
AI symptom-assessment chatbot for consumers that suggests possible conditions and how urgently to seek care.
- Grade CBuoy Buoy Health
Free online symptom checking chatbot that asks about a user's symptoms and suggests possible causes and a level of care.
- Grade CDoctronic
Publicly accessible AI symptom assessment platform that takes a description of symptoms and suggests possible diagnoses and next steps.
- Grade DHippocratic AI care agents Hippocratic AI
Generative AI voice agents that make and take patient calls for health systems, from scheduling to follow-up.
- Grade BInfermedica
Symptom assessment and triage engine, also offered to consumers as Symptomate, that recommends a level of care.
- Grade CK Health
AI chat intake that interviews patients before a visit and suggests possible diagnoses and management to the clinician.
Mental health chatbots4
- Grade DAsh Slingshot AI
Consumer conversational AI for mental health support, built on a psychology foundation model trained on psychotherapy data.
- Grade BLimbic Access Limbic grade for Limbic Access
Self-referral chatbot for NHS Talking Therapies that gathers symptoms and risk and sends clinicians a structured referral report.
- Grade BWoebot Woebot Health
Text-based chatbot for cognitive behavioral therapy whose trials are widely cited; the consumer app was withdrawn in June 2025.
- Grade BWysa
Chatbot app that delivers cognitive behavioral therapy exercises, mindfulness and sleep tools, with optional human counselors.
Imaging: stroke and emergencies7
- Grade BAidoc Aidoc Medical Caution
Flags suspected hemorrhage, pulmonary embolism, fractures and other urgent CT findings and moves them up the radiologist's worklist.
- Grade CAvicenna.AI CINA Avicenna.AI grade for CINA head CT and CT angiography triage Caution
Triage software that flags suspected intracranial hemorrhage on head CT and large vessel occlusion on CT angiography.
- Grade BBrainomix 360 Stroke Brainomix Caution
Software that scores early ischemic change on head CT and flags suspected large vessel occlusion for stroke teams.
- Grade BMethinks Stroke Suite Methinks Software
Software that flags suspected large vessel occlusion and hemorrhage on noncontrast CT and CT angiography in stroke.
- Grade BqER Qure.ai grade for qER (noncontrast head CT)
Software that flags hemorrhage, fractures, mass effect and midline shift on noncontrast head CT for prioritized reading.
- Grade BRapidAI
Estimates infarct core and tissue at risk on perfusion imaging and flags suspected large vessel occlusions.
- Grade AViz.ai grade for Viz LVO Caution
Detects suspected large vessel occlusion stroke on CT angiograms and alerts the stroke team; other modules cover hemorrhage.
Imaging: fractures and bone4
- Grade CAZmed Rayvolve AZmed Caution
Software that marks suspected fractures on adult and pediatric limb and pelvis radiographs as a reading aid.
- Grade BGleamer BoneView Gleamer
Software that marks suspected fractures, dislocations and effusions on trauma radiographs as a concurrent reading aid.
- Grade CImagen OsteoDetect and FractureDetect Imagen Technologies
The first FDA-authorized AI software for fracture detection, marking suspected fractures on adult radiographs.
- Grade BNanox AI HealthVCF Nanox AI (formerly Zebra Medical Vision) grade for HealthVCF Caution
Software that flags suspected vertebral compression fractures on chest and abdominal CT done for other reasons.
Imaging: cancer and tuberculosis screening11
- Grade BAnnalise Enterprise CXR Harrison.ai (Annalise.ai)
Chest X-ray software that detects up to 124 findings, from lung nodules to pneumothorax, and flags urgent studies.
- Grade CClairity Allix5 Clairity
Software that estimates a woman's five-year risk of breast cancer from a single screening mammogram.
- Grade CClearRead CT Riverain Technologies Caution
Chest CT software that suppresses vessels on a companion image series and marks suspected lung nodules for radiologists.
- Grade ALunit INSIGHT CXR Lunit grade for lung nodule detection
Reads chest X-rays and flags major thoracic abnormalities, including lung nodules, pneumothorax and pleural effusion.
- Grade BLunit INSIGHT MMG Lunit
Scores 2D mammograms for likelihood of malignancy and highlights suspicious areas; can serve as an independent reader.
- Grade BMia Kheiron Medical Technologies Caution
Software that reads 2D screening mammograms and gives a recall or no-recall opinion, used alongside double reading.
- Grade COptellum Virtual Nodule Clinic Optellum
Software that scores incidentally found lung nodules on CT for malignancy risk and tracks them over time.
- Grade BProFound AI iCAD
Software that marks suspicious soft tissue lesions and calcifications on breast tomosynthesis and scores each case for cancer.
- Grade BqXR Qure.ai
Reads chest X-rays for many findings and gives a tuberculosis score that selects people for confirmatory testing.
- Grade CSaige-Dx DeepHealth (RadNet)
Software that flags findings suspicious for cancer on breast tomosynthesis and assigns a suspicion level to each case.
- Grade ATranspara ScreenPoint Medical
Reads 2D mammograms and tomosynthesis, scores each exam's cancer risk and marks suspicious regions for the radiologist.
Imaging: reports and image quality4
- Grade CAIR Recon DL GE HealthCare
GE HealthCare's deep learning MRI reconstruction that removes noise and ringing artifacts from images.
- Grade CDeepHealth ProstateAI Quantib B.V. (RadNet)
Prostate MRI software that segments the gland and flags suspected cancer lesions for radiologists to review.
- Grade DRad AI
Generative AI that drafts the impression section of a radiology report from the radiologist's findings.
- Grade CSubtleMR Subtle Medical
Vendor-neutral deep learning software that denoises and sharpens MRI images, used to shorten scan protocols.
Cardiology11
- Grade BAnumana ECG-AI LEF Anumana
Screens a routine 12-lead ECG for low ejection fraction in adults at risk for heart failure.
- Grade BApple Watch irregular rhythm notification and AFib History Apple grade for Irregular rhythm notification with the ECG app
Over-the-counter smartwatch software that flags pulse irregularity suggestive of atrial fibrillation and estimates atrial fibrillation burden.
- Grade BCaption Guidance GE HealthCare (Caption Health) Caution
Real-time guidance software that coaches clinicians without echocardiography training to acquire diagnostic cardiac ultrasound views.
- Grade CCleerly
Cloud software that measures coronary plaque volume, composition and stenosis on coronary CT angiograms.
- Grade BEko SENSORA Eko Health grade for low EF detection
AI on Eko's ECG-enabled digital stethoscopes that flags low ejection fraction, structural murmurs and atrial fibrillation.
- Grade CElucid PlaqueIQ Elucid Bioimaging
Software service that quantifies plaque and characterizes its tissue types, such as lipid-rich necrotic core, on CT angiograms.
- Grade BHeartFlow FFRct and Plaque Analysis HeartFlow grade for FFRct
Simulates coronary blood flow and measures plaque from a coronary CT angiogram, showing which narrowings limit flow.
- Grade BKardiaMobile with Kardia AI AliveCor grade for KardiaMobile Caution
Handheld single-lead ECG recorder that pairs with a smartphone and classifies rhythm strips automatically.
- Grade CTempus ECG-AF Tempus AI
Software that reads a resting 12-lead ECG and flags patients 65 and older at increased one-year atrial fibrillation risk.
- Grade CUltromics EchoGo Heart Failure Ultromics grade for EchoGo Heart Failure
Software that analyzes one apical four-chamber echocardiogram clip to flag heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
- Grade CUs2.ai Us2.ai (Eko.Ai Pte. Ltd.)
Software that automatically measures and reports transthoracic echocardiograms, from chamber sizes and ejection fraction to Doppler values.
Sepsis, deterioration and hypotension alerts8
- Grade BAcumen Hypotension Prediction Index Edwards Lifesciences
Software on the HemoSphere monitor that analyzes the arterial pressure waveform to predict hypotension minutes before it occurs.
- Grade BBayesian Health TREWS Bayesian Health
Continuously monitors EHR data for hospital patients and flags those at risk of sepsis within 24 hours.
- Grade CCLEWICU CLEW Medical
Machine learning software that predicts hemodynamic instability in adult critical care patients and identifies those at low risk.
- Grade BeCART AgileMD
An early warning score that estimates ward patients' risk of death or ICU transfer and guides care teams.
- Grade BEpic Deterioration Index Epic Systems
A deterioration risk score built into Epic's electronic health record that predicts escalation of care for hospitalized adults.
- Grade BEpic Sepsis Model Epic Systems Caution
A sepsis risk score built into Epic's electronic health record that alerts clinicians above a hospital-set threshold.
- Grade BRothman Index Spacelabs Healthcare (FDA applicant: PeraHealth)
A continuously updated acuity score computed from vital signs, nursing assessments and lab results to track hospitalized patients' condition.
- Grade CSepsis ImmunoScore Prenosis
Combines 22 patient parameters, including sepsis biomarker levels, into a risk score for sepsis within 24 hours.
Neurology, development and sleep4
- Grade BCanvas Dx Cognoa
Prescription software that combines a caregiver questionnaire, home videos and a clinician questionnaire to aid autism diagnosis in young children.
- Grade BCeribell
A rapid-setup, limited-montage EEG headband with AI software that estimates seizure burden and flags electrographic status epilepticus.
- Grade CEnsoSleep EnsoData grade for EnsoSleep
AI software that automatically scores sleep studies, staging sleep and detecting apneas, hypopneas, arousals and leg movements.
- Grade CPersyst Persyst Development Caution
EEG review software whose automated detectors mark possible seizures and spikes and display quantitative trends for clinicians.
Point-of-care screening6
- Grade CAEYE-DS AEYE Health
Autonomous AI that reads nonmydriatic retinal photographs for more-than-mild diabetic retinopathy, including from a handheld camera.
- Grade BDERM Skin Analytics Caution
AI that assesses dermoscopic images of suspicious skin lesions and recommends discharge or referral in NHS skin cancer pathways.
- Grade CDermaSensor
Handheld AI device for primary care that scans skin lesions with light to help decide on dermatology referral.
- Grade CEyeArt Eyenuk
Autonomous AI that grades retinal photographs for more-than-mild and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy.
- Grade ALumineticsCore Digital Diagnostics Caution
Autonomous AI that checks retinal photographs taken at the point of care for more-than-mild diabetic retinopathy.
- Grade BSkinVision SkinVision B.V. Caution
Consumer smartphone app that rates photographs of skin lesions as low or high risk for skin cancer.
Endoscopy and pathology8
- Grade CAISight Dx PathAI
Web-based digital pathology system for viewing and managing whole-slide images, cleared for pathologists' primary diagnosis.
- Grade BCAD EYE Fujifilm
Computer-aided detection software for Fujifilm endoscopy systems that flags possible colorectal polyps during colonoscopy in real time.
- Grade BCADDIE Odin Medical
Cloud-based computer-aided detection software that flags possible colorectal polyps during white-light colonoscopy.
- Grade AEndoScreener Wision AI
Software that detects polyps in the colonoscopy video in real time for the endoscopist to confirm.
- Grade AGI Genius Medtronic Caution
Computer-aided detection module that flags possible polyps on the colonoscopy video in real time.
- Grade BIbex Galen Ibex Medical Analytics grade for Galen Breast
AI that reviews digitized pathology slides and flags tissue suspicious for cancer in breast and prostate biopsies.
- Grade BPaige Prostate Detect Paige
Software that flags areas suspicious for cancer on digitized prostate biopsy slides for the pathologist to review.
- Grade BSKOUT Iterative Health
Computer-aided detection software that flags possible colorectal polyps in real time during white-light colonoscopy.
Oncology and radiation therapy4
- Grade CAI-Rad Companion Organs RT Siemens Healthineers
Siemens Healthineers deep learning software that automatically contours organs at risk on CT and MR for radiotherapy planning.
- Grade BArteraAI Prostate Artera
Digital pathology AI test that estimates metastasis and prostate cancer death risk from biopsy slides and clinical data.
- Grade BLimbus Contour Limbus AI (Radformation)
Deep learning auto-contouring software that drafts normal tissue contours on CT and MR for radiation treatment planning.
- Grade CMVision Contour+ MVision AI
Deep learning software that drafts organ and lymph node contours on CT and MR scans for radiotherapy planning.
Diabetes and chronic disease3
- Grade BDreaMed Advisor Pro DreaMed Diabetes
Decision-support software that analyzes glucose and insulin data and recommends insulin dose adjustments for clinicians to review.
- Grade BKidneyIntelX Renalytix
Machine learning blood test that sorts adults with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease into risks of progression.
- Grade BWelldoc BlueStar Welldoc
Prescription diabetes app that logs glucose and medications, sends automated coaching messages and reports to clinicians.
Prior authorization, coding and payer AI1
- Grade BnH Predict naviHealth (Optum, UnitedHealth Group)
Proprietary algorithm that predicts skilled nursing facility length of stay and guides post-acute care coverage decisions for Medicare Advantage insurers.
Reviews of the published evidence, not medical advice or an endorsement of any product.
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